Tuesday, 3 August 2021

Pentatrigesimal

Regarding the previous list which I recently posted, the answer is that the list was prime numbers up to 42,875 listed in base 35. 42,875 is 35 cubed and in base 35 is of course 1000.The logic behind base 35, is, as you might gather by looking at the table, to write numbers using all numbers and all letters of the English alphabet except O. The reason for not using O is, of course, that it is so similar to zero and that casually zero is often read as “O”. In fact, when I was a child, I was often told that “O is a letter, and zero [0] is the number” whenever I read the number as “O”, but would reply that “O is a number”.
The properties of this system of all numbers and all letters except O, scientifically called “pentatrigesimal” are both familiar and unfamiliar compared to decimal.Like ten, 35 is a deficient semiprime (=5x7). However, 35 is a much more deficient number than ten, having a deficiency of 22 (or 63 percent) as against 2 for the number 10. Thus, the proportion of fractions that terminate in pentatrigesimal is much smaller than in decimal: only denominators whose only prime factors are 5 and 7 terminate, and there are only 38 such numbers smaller than 1,500,625 (354, or 10000 in pentatrigesimal):
DecimalPentatrigesimalPrime factorisation
555
777
25Q5*5
35105*7
491E7*7
1253K5*5*5
175505*5*7
245705*7*7
3439T7*7*7
625HV5*5*5*5
875Q05*5*5*7
1,2251005*5*7*7
1,7151E05*7*7*7
2,4011YL7*7*7*7
3,1252JA5*5*5*5*5
4,3753K05*5*5*5*7
6,1255005*5*5*7*7
8,5757005*5*7*7*7
12,0059T05*7*7*7*7
15,625CRF5*5*5*5*5*5
16,807DQ77*7*7*7*7
21,875HV05*5*5*5*5*7
30,625Q005*5*5*5*7*7
42,87510005*5*5*7*7*7
60,0251E005*5*7*7*7*7
78,1251TS55*5*5*5*5*5*5
84,0351YL05*7*7*7*7*7
109,3752JA05*5*5*5*5*5*7
117,6492R1E7*7*7*7*7*7
153,1253K005*5*5*5*5*7*7
214,37550005*5*5*5*7*7*7
300,12570005*5*5*7*7*7*7
390,62593VQ5*5*5*5*5*5*5*5
420,1759T005*5*7*7*7*7*7
546,875CRF05*5*5*5*5*5*5*7
588,245DQ705*7*7*7*7*7*7
765,625HV005*5*5*5*5*5*7*7
823,543J79T7*7*7*7*7*7*7
1,071,875Q0005*5*5*5*5*7*7*7
1,500,625100005*5*5*5*7*7*7*7
As for primes with short recurring periods, there are 37 primes with pentatrigesimal periods of 20 or shorter, vis-à-vis 32 in decimal. One of these is as long as twenty decimal digits, another eighteen, and another sixteen, so I will not replicate all numbers with pentatrigesimal periods of 20 or shorter here. There are twenty primes with pentatrigesimal periods of 12 or shorter, vis-à-vis sixteen in decimal:
PentatrigesimalPentatrigesimal repetendPeriodDecimal
20.Ḣ12
H0.2̇17
30.ḂṄ23
D0.2̇P8̇313
2S0.0̇CṀ97
HI0.0̇1ZẎ4613
W0.1̇4I29̇531
15NR0.0̇00V4̇49,831
BC0.0̇32ZWẊ6397
180.0̇TH38YḊ743
UBENM0.0̇00016Ṡ44,007,727
HHHI0.0̇001ZZZẎ8750,313
J0.1̇UGK97CWḂ919
1UGM3P0.0̇0000IZZĠ96,753,079
B0.3̇6CQFWTM9J̇1011
339G0.0̇00BAZZZNṖ132,631
N0.1̇I94JSDPC63̇1123
1AM80.0̇00RUI4JFCḊ55,903
171RAE40.0̇00000U4LMṘ2,208,546,869
7X0.0̇4ESEMZVK7KĊ12277
4EN0.0̇07X7WZZS2S3̇5,413
Pentatrigesimal fractions for the first sixty natural numbers (periods listed in decimal notation) are:
 Pentatrigesimal reciprocalPeriodDecimal
1101
20.Ḣ12
30.ḂṄ23
40.8̇Ṙ24
50.705
60.5̇U̇26
70.507
80.4̇Ḋ28
90.3̇Ẇ29
A0.3Ḣ110
B0.3̇6CQFWTM9J̇1011
C0.2̇Ẋ212
D0.2̇P8̇313
E0.2Ḣ114
F0.2ḂṄ215
G0.2̇6JṖ416
H0.2̇117
I0.1̇Ẏ218
J0.1̇UGK97CWḂ919
K0.1Ṙ8̇220
L0.1ṄḂ221
M0.1̇KNV7YEB4Ṡ1022
N0.1̇I94JSDPC63̇1123
P0.1̇Ġ224
Q0.1E025
R0.1̇C4̇326
S0.1̇ACYPṀ627
T0.18̇Ṙ228
U0.1̇78FP4TYSRJAV6̇1429
V0.15̇U̇230
W0.1̇4I29̇531
X0.1̇39UIKSĊ832
Y0.1̇248GYXVRİ1033
Z0.1̇134
100.1035
110.0̇Ż236
120.0̇Y3SF4QIX5NMPKTD8HZ1W7JV9G2UBCAE6LRḢ3637
130.0̇X8A4L6FṄ938
140.0̇WECJṘ639
150.0V̇L̇240
160.0̇UVQLBYA8ISB3EHXFCT5Z549DN1PRG7NWKH2JM6U̇4041
170.0U̇5̇242
180.0̇TH38YḊ743
190.0̇SUF3Z75JẆ1044
1A0.0Ṡ7̇245
1B0.0̇RM29W6UNKJ̇1146
1C0.0̇R286PK3QB5YHVILKUSJCN2Z8XRTAEW9NU1H4GDE57FMBẊ4647
1D0.0̇QI8̇448
1E0.0Q049
1F0.0PḢ150
1G0.0̇Ṗ251
1H0.0̇NJI62̇652
1I0.0̇N3YNS2MFUQ3AJTDVD798KGHU1ZBW1B7XCJ59WPF6L4LSQREIH5Ẏ5253
1J0.0̇MNZCḂ654
1K0.0Ṁ9J36CQFWṪ1055
1L0.0L̇V̇256
1M0.0̇LH6RE4AFC9TV32FYṠ1857
1N0.0̇L47UJWZDVS5Ḟ1458
1P0.0̇KRPB9H745BV8WFEU2D1SA2YTGLCĠ2959
1Q0.0K̇Ė260
As you can see, the periods are different from those in decimal, apart from powers of five, the full period prime 47 (and 61 if I extended the list), the number 52, and the odd semiprimes 39 and 57. Noteworthy is the large number of denominators with pentatrigesimal period 2: nineteen numbers out of sixty, vis-à-vis only five in decimal.

2 comments:

123 said...

I think that not skip the letter O, base 36 is better, by your logic O and 0 are confused, why not I and 1? Or S and 5?

See these pages:

http://www.tonymarston.net/php-mysql/converter.html, https://www.dcode.fr/base-36-cipher, http://www.urticator.net/essay/5/567.html, http://www.urticator.net/essay/6/624.html, https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int, https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.base_repr.html, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseForm.html, https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/base-function-2ef61411-aee9-4f29-a811-1c42456c6342, https://www.cut-the-knot.org/recurrence/word_primes.shtml, https://oeis.org/A072922, https://oeis.org/A073421, https://oeis.org/A002488 (the Alonso del Arte comment in Jul 01 2012), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base36, https://web.archive.org/web/20150320103231/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_36, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_%C3%A0_base_36 (in French), https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E9%80%B2%E6%B3%95 (in Japanese), https://baseconvert.com/, https://baseconvert.com/high-precision, https://www.calculand.com/unit-converter/zahlen.php?og=Base+2-36&ug=1, http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/numbers.html, http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/numbers-ex.html, http://www.kwuntung.net/hkunit/base/base.php (in Chinese), https://linesegment.web.fc2.com/application/math/numbers/RadixConversion.html (in Japanese)

jpbenney said...

I can see your point, but I think it is much easier to confuse O and 0 than they other two. At all events, as a child I would read "0" as "oh", but never the same with "1" and "I" (except when reading Roman numerals in my old World Cars 1984 and World Cars 1985 books.