Rolling Stone’s song discards – less political than the albums?

In a post from March this year, I looked at artists discarded from Rolling Stone’s 2020 revision of its 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list (originally published in 2003) to see how many of its discarded artists might have been motivated by the discarded artists belonging to genres associated with Republican-voting poor whites. I found that whilst not all of the discarded artists belonged to genres associated to varying degrees with Republican-voting poor whites, there were about a dozen of fifty-two discarded artists (slightly fewer than one-quarter) where this association may have been the decisive factor in their being omitted.

When I first looked at the updated songs list from about two months ago, I failed to compare with the earlier issue, although Rolling Stone did say that there had been large revisions vis-à-vis the 2012 and 2004 lists. However, recently I did look at the list and attempted to note, as I did previously with the albums, which artists had been entirely excluded this year who were present  in 2004 and 2012.

Big Joe Turner	Early blues artist
B.B. King	Early black pop artist
The Penguins	Early black pop artist
The Platters	Early black pop artist
Carl Perkins	Early white rocker
The Del-Vikings	Early black pop artist
The Dells	Early black pop artist
LaVern Baker	Early soul artist
Jackie Wilson	Early soul artist
Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers	Early black pop artist
The Chantels	Early black pop artist
Archie Bell and the Drells	Early soul artist
The Coasters	Early soul artist
Ritchie Valens	Early Latino rocker
Jerry Butler and the Impressions	Early soul artist
Bobby Darin	Pop/rock
Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps	Early white rocker
Bill Haley and His Comets	Early white rocker	It is possible that like Elvis Presley his assocation with Republican-voting poor whites has affected his repuation amongst Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics
Dion (DiMucci)	Early white rocker	Same as for Bill Haley. Although his modern reputation is better (The Road I’m On was on David Keenan’s The Best Albums Ever...Honest), however, his history producing Christian albums and status as practicing Catholic may make Dion the more likely target
Barrett Strong	Early black pop artist
The Dixie Cups	Early black pop artist
Chubby Checker	Early black pop artist
Aaron Neville	Early black pop artist
The Spencer Davis Group	Pop/rock	This deletion also encompasses Traffic and solo Steve Winwood, neither of whom had songs on the original Rolling Stone list
Little Eva	Early black pop artist
Solomon Burke	Early soul artist
Percy Sledge	Soul/R’n’b
The Young Rascals	Pop/rock
The Lovin’ Spoonful	Pop/rock
The Troggs	Garage rock/protopunk
? and the Mysterians	Garage rock/protopunk
Love	College/hippie music	Although they had some association with hard rock and protopunk, the fact that mainman Arthur Lee was black would make them an unlikely target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics
Big Brother and the Holding Company
Janis Joplin
Eric Clapton	Hard rock Pop/rock	By genre a possible target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics, although less so for Clapton’s post-Cream work
Cream
Deep Purple	Hard rock	By genre a likely target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial crictics
Steppenwolf	Hard rock Heartland rock	By genre a likely target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial crictics
Labelle	Soul/R’n’b
The Carpenters	Pop/rock
The Five Stairsteps	Soul/R’n’b
Norman Greenbaum		By Christian faith a likely target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics
Lynyrd Skynyrd	Hard rock Heartland rock	By genre a likely target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial crictics
Jackson Browne	Singer/songwriter	A possible target as a standard white rocker, but political sentiments in 1980s make this less likely
The Jam	College/hippie music	This classification is not applicable outside the United States — the Jam were very much as mass-audience band in Europe
Foreigner	Hard rock Pop/rock	By genre a possible target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics, but too linked to soft rock to not exclude that they were excluded merely as an older pop band
John Cougar Mellencamp	Heartland rock	By genre a possible target for Rolling Stone and big-city Millennial critics
Salt-n-Pepa	Rap	A most surprising omission given that they were one of the first female rappers.
The Verve	College/hippie music
R. Kelly	Soul/R’n’b
Franz Ferdinand	College/hippie music

 In contrast to the albums, the song discards include many artists who might be expected to be “politically correct” from a Rolling Stone perspective, inasmuch as twenty-four of the forty-nine omitted artists (related artists counted as one) were black. However, all but five of these black artists predate the flowering of soul, funk and ultimately rap music upon which large portions of modern Rolling Stone canons have been based.

Early black pop artists, who date from a time before blacks were able to be politically active — although one could also say that with the power of Europe’s progressive working classes political conditions in the 1950s were much more favorable to advancements by black Americans than conditions since Europe’s deindustrialisation in the 1970s and 1980s — were simply not supportive of the left-wing politics with which Rolling Stone has been associated since its formation. From this fact, one could argue that Rolling Stone’s song discards are actually not that much less, or even no less, political than their album discards. Before the 1966 elections, political activism in black music was largely confined to radical forms of jazz and was not even widespread there — an example from as early as 1960 being We Insist! Max Roach’s Freedom Now Suite by drummer and composer Max Roach. Even We Insist! is not nearly so radical as bands like Public Enemy and Rage Against the Machine would become in later generations. The 1950s and 1960s Civil Rights Movement was possible because the ruling classes in the US feared they would be subject to apartheid-type sanctions otherwise. Consequently, the movement was remarkably peaceful compared to virtually any other other social movement in modern history. However, Ward Churchill demonstrated in his 2006 On the Justice of Roosting Chickens: Reflections on the Consequences of U.S. Imperial Arrogance and Criminality that this peacefulness severely limited the long-term effectiveness of the Civil Rights movement and made it extremely easy for the US ruling class to reverse the improvements in life for black Americans once threats diminished — which Churchill and others show to have occurred for most black Americans since 1980.

For these reasons, it is by no means certain that the song discards of Rolling Stone are actually less political than their earlier album discards.

Why countercultures merge into GOP orthodoxy

The 1990s Republican Revolution, whose ultra-free-market ideology has largely dictated American politics over the past three decades, was frequently justified by its supporters as a response to the supposedly ultra-liberal media of the Bush Senior Era.

When I first read the Republican Revolution’s advocates — my first experience being Peter Kreeft — I found many of their arguments absurd, but gathered that they viewed the Bush Senior Era media as excessively liberal compared to the opinions of most Americans, and government policy even in the Reagan era as similarly much more socially liberal than public opinion.

What I have come to realise in the past few years, however, is that, notwithstanding their successes in lowering taxes for the very rich to almost nothing, and eliminating public services for ordinary Americans, the “conservative counterculture” that emerged with the Republican Revolution has failed completely to achieve the social goals which it promoted during the late 1990s, like:

1. dramatically reduced immigration, especially from countries of the Tropical World and/or of Muslims
   
2. a foreign policy less supportive of and/or more hostile to strongly Islamic countries
   
3. a return of women to their traditional roles as wives and mothers
4. an end to abortion and even to all artificial birth control
5. an end to violence in entertainment, music and even video games (whether by rigid censorship or public boycotts)
6. a return to traditional religious morality in public education

Author Oliver Wiseman in his ‘Have the National Conservatives Missed Their Moment?’ argues that the nationalist/social conservatives have completely missed their moment because of their inability to challenge conservative economic orthodoxy where it opposes the interests of social conservatives as noted in the previous list. He argues that this occurs even when conservative groups try to secede from a socially liberal society that they regard as corrupt, and much more critically that the problem is that:

“[“movement conservatism” or GOP orthodoxy] removes from the political arena, and consigns to the ‘private’ sphere, the very value judgments and critical questions that most affect our humanity and our civilization”

This point reveals why countercultures on the Right move into GOP orthodoxy. Unless the existence of the private sphere (and the private sector) per se is challenged, it is impossible to challenge anything related to the hyper-capitalism that has become politically hegemonic since the 1973 energy crisis. To challenge the private sector and private sphere involves radical class struggle by the working classes. This has always been impossible in the United States due to racism, by which the ruling classes are intensely invested in tight alliances with lower-class whites and providing them with privileges — from freedom of choice in residence to fairer policing — that prevents them seeing that they have much more in common with poor people of colour than the ruling class.

The cultural interests of poorer whites in the United States — many of whom initially seceded from a Europe intolerant of their churches — has served to create what James Löwen misleadingly described as “the white ghetto”, but is much more accurately called a white cloister. This rural (sometimes exurban) white cloister is completely isolated (substantially of its own choice, as Löwen showed in Sundown Towns) from urban America, and much more still from the wider world. Since the standardisation and nationalisation of media in the late 1970s, information sources and culture available within the white cloister have become more and more uniformly hyper-capitalist, which helps explain why it is less and less able to challenge Republican orthodoxy on the economic front.

Oil states as an analog to the United States – and resource rather than settler status as key?

During the 1990s and 2000s, I was extremely aware that the working classes of the United States and Australia were radically different from the powerfully Communist working classes of Europe. The working classes of the United States and Australia, indeed, opposed Communism as anti-Christian.

More recent reading, especially since the 2016 presidential election, has seen a much darker side in that the conservatism of the United States lower class, at least of its white component, is largely or even wholly driven by racism. The fact that, despite massive increases in the wealth of the richest 1 percent, stagnating real wages, and major decreases in religious observance (although they remain much higher than of European workers 150 years ago), poor white Americans are voting for Republicans in larger proportions than they did for Richard Nixon in his 1972 landslide over George McGovern suggests that the role of religion is less marked than I had assumed.

In the 2010s – I think before the Trump victory – I looked online at a book titled Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat by one J. Sakai. “J. Sakai” does not sound like a real name but web searches have failed to find out what his real name actually is. “J. Sakai” argued that the poor white population of America was much more different from the working classes of Europe, East Asia and Latin America than I had presumed previously. He argues that lower-class whites are essentially a petit bourgeois or a “labor aristocracy” and that as settlers they had the same interests as the ruling class.

Whilst I was sceptical of Sakai, I was much less sceptical of Michael Goldfield, who argued and argues that race has always been the mainspring of American politics. A recent article by Mitchell Peterson on medium.com demonstrating the the US is mapped towards a one-party authoritarian regime made me wish to look deeply at this. It is abundantly clear that poor whites are the critical group to reverse increasing income inequality and voter suppression. What I found was an (admittedly outdated, written in January 2010) article by Sebastian Lamb titled ‘J. Sakai’s Settlers and Anti-Racist Working-Class Politics’ which argued that defending the privilege of belonging to the dominant racial group is attractive to lower class whites and promoted constantly by the ruling class as a means of protecting itself. Concurrently the US ruling class invests heavily in making it as difficult as possible for white workers to unite with workers of color. Lamb argues that this emphasis on white supremacy has led to many distinctive traits of US politics and culture.

What Lamb did not discuss, but might, is why the US ruling class has been so much more able to do this than ruling classes in other Enriched nations. I think a relatively simple answer exists:

1. that the US is vastly richer in natural resources than almost any other Enriched nation
2. capitalists who own natural resources are uniquely vulnerable to a united lower class because their assets are so physically immovable
3. ownership of natural resources gives capitalists more financial ability, as well as need, to divide lower classes

I believe that there exists a “hidden” and consistently ignored example elsewhere in the world of an analogous situation to the absence of a socialist party independent of the ruling class in the United States. This being the absence of any democratisation movement in the Gulf oil monarchies (except for an unsuccessful attempt in Baḥrain), as is noted by Sean L. Yom and F. Gregory Gause III in their 2012 ‘Resilient Royals: How Arab Monarchies Hang On’ which emphasises the role oil reserves play in preventing any democratisation movement in most of the oil states. That the United States’ vast and more diverse mineral resources could play an indispensable role in allowing the ruling class to so successfully and consistently divide white workers and workers of color is ignored by Lamb. So is the fact that the Gulf oil monarchies possess similar blood-based caste systems to the white/nonwhite racial classification in the United States. Once one sees this, it actually becomes logical to think that the racial caste system of the United States is more analogous to that of the Gulf Oil monarchies than of India or perhaps even South Africa. Yet writers like Michael Goldfield and Isabel Wilkerson (in Caste) never mention the Gulf oil states as a possible comparison to the United States, despite what I have said above.

If we look at the traits noted by Sebastian Lamb that distinguish the United states, and which he notes are due to racism, and then make a comparison with the Gulf States, one can in most cases see possible similarities as the table below shows 

US trait noted by Sebastian Lamb	Comparative Feature in Gulf Oil States
bad jobs	high frequency of low-paying jobs by expatriates in oil states
low pay	low-paying jobs taken by expatriates in oil states
	extreme relative scarcity of jobs full stop in states from which oil state expatriates originate
low level of unionization	unions are banned by law in all oil monarchies
the dominance of bureaucratic business unionism
no mass workers’ party organizationally independent of the ruling class	complete absence of movements amongst citizens of oil states for any democratisation
almost no public health care or welfare	exception because segregation is sectorial (public v. private) rather than geographic as in the US
the influence of patriotic nationalism and narrow individualism	extremely strong nationalism is apparent amongst citizen populations in oil states

As the table shows, there is one key difference: the Gulf States do have large public health and welfare systems for their citizen populations. The reason for this difference is that caste segregation takes upon a different form in the oil states from the United States. Whereas in the United States caste segregation takes the form of confining nonwhites to urban ghettoes or impoverished reservations, in the Gulf States segregation takes the form of privileged citizens working in the public sector with much greater security than expatriates who dominate all but the highest positions in the private sector. This is possibly because in the United States the expansion of the public sector coincided with nonwhite civil rights movements. These in turn coincided with imperialist competition with Stalinist Russia that forced a degree of racial reform on the United States to avoid being viewed as a pariah internationally and prevent mass international support for Moscow over Washington.

Despite this difference, it does seem logical to me that the US is politically similar to the Gulf oil states to an extent unrecognised. I even suspect that for the Republican Party and its academic supporters, the oil monarchies may be a political model of “privately owned government” (Hans-Hermann Hoppe) regardless of the powerful anti-Islamic bent of the Republicans.

Even the radical left, as can be seen in Gabriel Kuhn’s 2017 ‘Oppressor and Oppressed Nations: Sketching a Taxonomy of Imperialism’, has failed to consider that the US (and Australia) may be much more critically “resource states” than “settler states”. Of the Gulf States, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are undoubtedly true imperialist nations, as seen in their support for international Islamic terrorism and their ability to blockade greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Kuhn also does not recognise that New Zealand – although a settler state – has much more in common politically and economically with noncolonial European nations or the European periphery (especially Iceland) than with Australia or even perhaps the US.

‘Rolling Stone’’s Updated 500 Greatest Songs of All Time

1. Aretha Franklin – ‘Respect’
2. Public Enemy – ‘Fight the Power’
3. Sam Cooke – ‘A Change Is Gonna Come’
4. Bob Dylan – ‘Like a Rolling Stone’
5. Nirvana – ‘Smells Like Teen Spirit’
6. Marvin Gaye – ‘What’s Going On’
7. The Beatles – ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’
8. Missy Elliott – ‘Get Ur Freak On’
9. Fleetwood Mac – ‘Dreams’
10. Outkast – ‘Hey Ya!’
11. The Beach Boys – ‘God Only Knows’
12. Stevie Wonder – ‘Superstition’
13. The Rolling Stones – ‘Gimme Shelter’
14. The Kinks – ‘Waterloo Sunset’
15. The Beatles – ‘I Want to Hold Your Hand’
16. Beyoncé feat. Jay-Z – ‘Crazy in Love’
17. Queen – ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’
18. Prince and the Revolution – ‘Purple Rain’
19. John Lennon – ‘Imagine’
20. Robyn – ‘Dancing on My Own’
21. Billie Holiday – ‘Strange Fruit’
22. The Ronettes – ‘Be My Baby’
23. David Bowie – ‘Heroes’
24. The Beatles – ‘A Day in the Life’
25. Kanye West feat. Pusha T – ‘Runaway’
26. Joni Mitchell – ‘A Case of You’
27. Bruce Springsteen – ‘Born to Run’
28. Talking Heads – ‘Once in a Lifetime’
29. Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Doggy Dogg – ‘Nuthing but a ‘G’ Thang’
30. Lorde – ‘Royals’
31. The Rolling Stones – ‘(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction’
32. Notorious B.I.G. – ‘Juicy’
33. Chuck Berry – ‘Johnny B. Goode’
34. James Brown – ‘Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag’
35. Little Richard – ‘Tutti-Frutti’
36. The White Stripes – ‘Seven Nation Army’
37. Prince and the Revolution – ‘When Doves Cry’
38. Otis Redding – ‘(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay’
39. Outkast – ‘B.O.B.’
40. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – ‘All Along the Watchtower’
41. Joy Division – ‘Love Will Tear Us Apart’
42. Bob Marley and the Wailers – ‘Redemption Song’
43. The Temptations – ‘My Girl’
44. Michael Jackson – ‘Billie Jean’
45. Kendrick Lamar – ‘Alright’
46. M.I.A. – ‘Paper Planes’
47. Elton John – ‘Tiny Dancer’
48. Radiohead – ‘Idioteque’
49. Lauryn Hill – ‘Doo Wop (That Thing)’
50. Daddy Yankee – ‘Gasolina’
51. Dionne Warwick – ‘Walk on By’
52. Donna Summer – ‘I Feel Love’
53. The Beach Boys – ‘Good Vibrations’
54. Smokey Robinson and the Miracles – ‘The Tracks of My Tears’
55. Madonna – ‘Like a Prayer’
56. Missy Elliott – ‘Work It’
57. Sly and the Family Stone – ‘Family Affair’
58. The Band – ‘The Weight’
59. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five – ‘The Message’
60. Kate Bush – ‘Running Up That Hill’
61. Led Zeppelin – ‘Stairway to Heaven’
62. U2 – ‘One’
63. Dolly Parton – ‘Jolene’
64. Ramones – ‘Blitzkrieg Bop’
65. Earth, Wind & Fire – ‘September’
66. Simon and Garfunkel – ‘Bridge Over Troubled Water’
67. Bob Dylan – ‘Tangled Up in Blue’
68. Chic – ‘Good Times’
69. Taylor Swift – ‘All Too Well’
70. Elvis Presley – ‘Suspicious Minds’
71. Tracy Chapman – ‘Fast Car’
72. The Beatles – ‘Yesterday’
73. Beyoncé – ‘Formation’
74. Leonard Cohen – ‘Hallelujah’
75. Pulp – ‘Common People’
76. Johnny Cash – ‘I Walk the Line’
77. The Modern Lovers – ‘Roadrunner’
78. The Four Tops – ‘Reach Out (I’ll Be There)’
79. Amy Winehouse – ‘Back to Black’
80. Ray Charles – ‘What’d I Say’
81. The Velvet Underground – ‘I’m Waiting for the Man’
82. Adele – ‘Rolling in the Deep’
83. Bob Dylan – ‘Desolation Row’
84. Al Green – ‘Let’s Stay Together’
85. Prince – ‘Kiss’
86. The Rolling Stones – ‘Tumbling Dice’
87. LCD Soundsystem – ‘All My Friends’
88. Guns N’ Roses – ‘Sweet Child O’ Mine’
89. The Beatles – ‘Hey Jude’
90. Aretha Franklin – ‘(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman’
91. UGK feat. Outkast – ‘Int’l Players Anthem (I Choose You)’
92. Little Richard – ‘Good Golly, Miss Molly’
93. Kelly Clarkson – ‘Since U Been Gone’
94. Whitney Houston – ‘I Will Always Love You’
95. Oasis – ‘Wonderwall’
96. Jay-Z – ‘99 Problems’
97. Patti Smith – ‘Gloria’
98. The Beatles – ‘In My Life’
99. Bee Gees – ‘Staying Alive’
100. Daddy Yankee – ‘Gasolina’
101. Yeah Yeah Yeahs – ‘Maps’
102. Chuck Berry – ‘Maybelline’
103. Alanis Morissette – ‘You Oughta Know’
104. The Jackson 5 – ‘I Want You Back’
105. David Bowie – ‘Life on Mars?’
106. The Rolling Stones – ‘Sympathy for the Devil’
107. Wu-Tang Clan – ‘C.R.E.A.M.’
108. The Cure – ‘Just Like Heaven’
109. Sly and the Family Stone – ‘Everyday People’
110. The Beatles – ‘Something’
111. Bruce Springsteen – ‘Thunder Road’
112. R.E.M. – ‘Losing My Religion’
113. Stevie Wonder – ‘Higher Ground’
114. Britney Spears – ‘Toxic’
115. Etta James – ‘At Last’
116. Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock – ‘It Takes Two’
117. Aretha Franklin – ‘I Say a Little Prayer’
118. Radiohead – ‘Creep’
119. Marvin Gaye – ‘I Heard It Through the Grapevine’
120. X-Ray Spex – ‘Oh Bondage! Up Yours!’
121. The Beatles – ‘Let It Be’
122. The Impressions – ‘People Get Ready’
123. Talking Heads – ‘This Must Be the Place (Naive Melody)’
124. Buddy Holly – ‘That’ll Be the Day’
125. Sex Pistols – ‘Anarchy in the U.K.’
126. George Michael – ‘Freedom! ’90’
127. TLC – ‘Waterfalls’
128. Led Zeppelin – ‘Whole Lotta Love’
129. Drake feat. Majid Jordan – ‘Hold On, We’re Going Home’
130. Martha and the Vandellas – ‘Dancing in the Street’
131. Ben E. King – ‘Stand by Me’
132. Eric B. and Rakim – ‘Paid in Full’
133. Journey – ‘Don’t Stop Believin’’
134. Tina Turner – ‘What’s Love Got to Do With It’
135. The Beatles – ‘She Loves You’
136. Otis Redding – ‘Try a Little Tenderness’
137. Ariana Grande – ‘Thank U, Next’
138. Blondie – ‘Heart of Glass’
139. Madonna – ‘Vogue’
140. Bob Marley and the Wailers – ‘No Woman No Cry’
141. Rod Stewart – ‘Maggie May’
142. George Jones – ‘He Stopped Loving Her Today’
143. The Clash – ‘London Calling’
144. The Rolling Stones – ‘Jumping Jack Flash’
145. Outkast – ‘Ms. Jackson’
146. James Taylor – ‘Fire and Rain’
147. Fats Domino – ‘Blueberry Hill’
148. Led Zeppelin – ‘Kashmir’
149. Elton John – ‘Rocket Man’
150. Green Day – ‘Basket Case’
151. The Shirelles – ‘Will You Love Me Tomorrow’
152. Creedence Clearwater Revival – ‘Proud Mary’
153. Rick James – ‘Super Freak’
154. Howlin’ Wolf – ‘Spoonful’
155. The Strokes – ‘Last Nite’
156. The Kingsmen – ‘Louie Louie’
157. Sonic Youth – ‘Teenage Riot’
158. The Meters – ‘Cissy Strut’
159. The Who – ‘Baba O’Riley’
160. R.E.M. – ‘Nightswimming’
161. Madonna – ‘Into the Groove’
162. Nick Drake – ‘Pink Moon’
163. Fleetwood Mac – ‘Landslide’
164. Bob Dylan – ‘Mr. Tambourine Man’
165. Hank Williams – ‘I’m So Lonesome I Could Cry’
166. Mott the Hoople – ‘All the Young Dudes’
167. Eminem – ‘Lose Yourself’
168. Dusty Springfield – ‘Son of a Preacher Man’
169. Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – ‘American Girl’
170. The Five Satins – ‘In the Still of the Night’
171. Louis Armstrong – ‘What a Wonderful World’
172. Nina Simone – ‘Mississippi Goddam’
173. Television – ‘Marquee Moon’
174. R.E.M. – ‘Radio Free Europe’
175. The Flamingos – ‘I Only Have Eyes for You’
176. The Kinks – ‘You Really Got Me’
177. Van Halen – ‘Jump’
178. Billie Eilish – ‘Bad Guy’
179. Pink Floyd – ‘Comfortably Numb’
180. Lou Reed – ‘Walk on the Wild Side’
181. The Byrds – ‘Eight Miles High’
182. Simon and Garfunkel – ‘The Sounds of Silence’ 
183. Stevie Wonder – ‘You Are the Sunshine of My Life’
184. Sinéad O’Connor – ‘Nothing Compares 2 U’ 
185. Michael Jackson – ‘Beat It’
186. The Staple Singers – ‘I’ll Take You There’
187. Bob Dylan – ‘Subterranean Homesick Blues’
188. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – ‘Little Wing’
189. David Bowie – ‘Space Oddity’
190. N.W.A – ‘[expletive] tha Police’
191. Bobbie Gentry – ‘Ode to Billie Joe’
192. Geto Boys – ‘Mind Playing Tricks on Me’
193. The Rolling Stones – ‘Wild Horses’
194. PJ Harvey – ‘Rid of Me’
195. Patsy Cline – ‘Crazy’
196. James Brown – ‘Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine’
197. Ann Peebles – ‘I Can’t Stand the Rain’
198. Marvin Gaye – ‘Sexual Healing’
199. Aerosmith – ‘Dream On’
200. David Bowie – ‘Changes’
201. Johnny Cash – ‘Ring of Fire’
202. Elton John – ‘Your Song’
203. Stevie Wonder – ‘Signed, Sealed, Delivered I’m Yours’
204. David Bowie – ‘Young Americans’
205. Britney Spears – ‘…Baby One More Time’
206. Glen Campbell – ‘Wichita Lineman’
207. Rage Against the Machine – ‘Killing in the Name’
208. Hole – ‘Doll Parts’
209. Don Henley – ‘Boys of Summer’
210. Funkadelic – ‘One Nation Under a Groove’
211. U2 – ‘With or Without You’
212. Boston – ‘More Than a Feeling’
213. The Rolling Stones – ‘Paint It, Black’
214. Steely Dan – ‘Deacon Blues’
215. Mobb Deep – ‘Shook Ones, Pt. II’
216. Elvis Presley – ‘Jailhouse Rock’
217. Stevie Nicks – ‘Edge of Seventeen’
218. Wilson Pickett – ‘In the Midnight Hour’
219. Tom Petty – ‘Free Falling’
220. New Order – ‘Bizarre Love Triangle’
221. Ike and Tina Turner – ‘River Deep, Mountain High’
222. David Crosby – ‘Suite: Judy Blue Eyes’
223. Eminem feat. Dido – ‘Stan’
224. Derek and the Dominos – ‘Layla’
225. Joni Mitchell – ‘Both Sides Now’
226. The Smiths – ‘There Is a Light That Never Goes Out’
227. Creedence Clearwater Revival – ‘Fortunate Son’
228. Beyoncé – ‘Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It)’
229. Woody Guthrie – ‘This Land Is Your Land’
230. The Byrds – ‘Mr. Tambourine Man’
231. Whitney Houston – ‘I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)’
232. The Who – ‘My Generation’
233. Deee-Lite – ‘Groove Is in the Heart’
234. The Supremes – ‘You Keep Me Hanging On’
235. New Order – ‘Blue Monday’
236. Bill Withers – ‘Lean on Me’
237. Hank Williams – ‘Your Cheating Heart’
238. Aaliyah – ‘Are You That Somebody?’
239. Big Star – ‘September Gurls’
240. Backstreet Boys – ‘I Want It That Way’
241. Digital Underground – ‘The Humpty Dance’
242. Jerry Lee Lewis – ‘Great Balls of Fire’
243. The Beatles – ‘Eleanor Rigby’
244. Pavement – ‘Summer Babe (Winter Version)’
245. Beastie Boys – ‘Sabotage’
246. Faces – ‘Ooh La La’
247. Joni Mitchell – ‘River’
248. N.W.A – ‘Straight Outta Compton’
249. Joan Jett – ‘Bad Reputation’
250. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – ‘Purple Haze’
251. Gloria Gaynor – ‘I Will Survive’
252. Parliament – ‘Flash Light’
253. Willie Nelson – ‘Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain’
254. The Supremes – ‘Stop! In the Name of Love’
255. Loretta Lynn – ‘Coal Miner’s Daughter’
256. Metallica – ‘Master of Puppets’
257. Martha Reeves and the Vandellas – ‘Heat Wave’
258. Gil-Scott Heron – ‘The Revolution Will Not Be Televised’
259. Neil Young – ‘Heart of Gold’
260. The Wailers – ‘Get Up, Stand Up’
261. Curtis Mayfield – ‘Pusherman’
262. Paul Simon – ‘American Tune’
263. Dolly Parton – ‘Coat of Many Colors’
264. Marvin Gaye – ‘Let’s Get It On’
265. The Replacements – ‘Left of the Dial’
266. Augustus Pablo – ‘King Tubby Meets the Rockers Uptown’
267. Drake feat. Rihanna – ‘Take Care’
268. The Isley Brothers – ‘Shout (Parts 1 and 2)’
269. The Righteous Brothers – ‘Unchained Melody’
270. Nine Inch Nails – ‘Closer’
271. Procol Harum – ‘A Whiter Shade of Pale’
272. Thin Lizzy – ‘The Boys Are Back in Town’
273. Roberta Flack – ‘Killing Me Softly With His Song’
274. Al Green – ‘Love and Happiness’
275. Randy Newman – ‘Sail Away’
276. Buzzcocks – ‘Ever Fallen in Love (With Someone You Shouldn’t Have)’
277. Bo Diddley – ‘Bo Diddley’
278. Toots and the Maytals – ‘Pressure Drop’
279. Radiohead – ‘Karma Police’
280. The Beatles – ‘Penny Lane’
281. Clipse – ‘Grinding’
282. INXS – ‘Never Tear Us Apart’
283. Ray Charles – ‘Georgia on My Mind’
284. Leonard Cohen – ‘Suzanne’
285. Destiny’s Child – ‘Say My Name’
286. ABBA – ‘Dancing Queen’
287. AC/DC – ‘You Shook Me All Night Long’
288. The Funky 4 + 1 – ‘That’s the Joint’
289. Bruce Springsteen – ‘Atlantic City’
290. Usher feat. Lil Jon and Ludacris – ‘Yeah!’
291. Phil Collins – ‘In the Air Tonight’
292. A Tribe Called Quest – ‘Can I Kick It?’
293. Alice Cooper – ‘School’s Out’
294. The Velvet Underground – ‘Sweet Jane’
295. The Who – ‘Won’t Get Fooled Again’
296. Bikini Kill – ‘Rebel Girl’
297. Beach Boys – ‘Wouldn’t It Be Nice’
298. Bruce Springsteen – ‘Jungleland’
299. Screamin’ Jay Hawkins – ‘I Put a Spell on You’
300. The B-52’s – ‘Rock Lobster’
301. Bob Seger – ‘Night Moves’
302. Pink Floyd – ‘Wish You Were Here’
303. TLC – ‘No Scrubs’
304. Kraftwerk – ‘Trans-Europe Express’
305. The Police – ‘Every Breath You Take’
306. Aretha Franklin – ‘Chain of Fools’
307. Gnarls Barkley – ‘Crazy’
308. Liz Phair – ‘Divorce Song’
309. Bill Withers – ‘Ain’t No Sunshine’
310. The Doors – ‘Light My Fire’
311. The Eagles – ‘Hotel California’
312. Isaac Hayes – ‘Walk on By’
313. Smokey Robinson and the Miracles – ‘The Tears of a Clown’
314. The Stooges – ‘I Wanna Be Your Dog’
315. John Coltrane – ‘Pt. 1-Acknowledgement’
316. The Shangri-Las – ‘Leader of the Pack’
317. Bob Dylan – ‘Visions of Johanna’
318. Big Mama Thornton – ‘Hound Dog’
319. Tears for Fears – ‘Everybody Wants to Rule the World’
320. 2Pac – ‘California Love’
321. U2 – ‘I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For’
322. Neil Young – ‘After the Gold Rush’
323. Everly Brothers – ‘All I Have to Do Is Dream’
324. Billy Joel – ‘Scenes From an Italian Restaurant’
325. Iggy Pop – ‘Lust for Life’
326. Rilo Kiley – ‘Portions for Foxes’
327. Mary J. Blige – ‘Real Love’
328. Red Hot Chili Peppers – ‘Under the Bridge’
329. Bad Bunny – ‘Safaera’
330. The Notorious B.I.G. – ‘Big Poppa’
331. The Marvelettes – ‘Please Mr. Postman’
332. Rihanna feat. Jay-Z – ‘Umbrella’
333. The Temptations – ‘Papa Was a Rollin’ Stone’
334. The Grateful Dead – ‘Ripple’
335. Marshall Jefferson – ‘Move Your Body (The House Music Anthem)’
336. Hall and Oates – ‘She’s Gone’
337. Cher – ‘Believe’
338. Black Sabbath – ‘Paranoid’
339. Prince – ‘1999’
340. The Clash – ‘(White Man) in Hammersmith Palais’
341. The Monkees – ‘I’m a Believer’
342. Chuck Berry – ‘Promised Land’
343. The Doobie Brothers – ‘What a Fool Believes’
344. Black Sabbath – ‘Iron Man’
345. Carole King – ‘It’s Too Late’
346. BTS – ‘Dynamite’
347. Elvis Presley – ‘Heartbreak Hotel’
348. Roxy Music – ‘Virginia Plain’
349. The Zombies – ‘Time of the Season’
350. John Prine – ‘Angel From Montgomery’
351. Jorge Ben – ‘Ponta de Lança Africano (Umbabarauma)’
352. Ice Cube – ‘It Was a Good Day’
353. Eurythmics – ‘Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)’
354. Michael Jackson – ‘Rock With You’
355. Thelma Houston – ‘Don’t Leave Me This Way’
356. Cheap Trick – ‘Surrender’
357. Taylor Swift – ‘Blank Space’
358. Patti Smith – ‘Because the Night’
359. Fugees – ‘Killing Me Softly With His Song’
360. Prince – ‘Little Red Corvette’
361. Jimmy Cliff – ‘The Harder They Come’
362. Kacey Musgraves – ‘Merry Go ‘Round’
363. Bob Marley and the Wailers – ‘Could You Be Loved’
364. The Grateful Dead – ‘Box of Rain’
365. Sex Pistols – ‘God Save the Queen’
366. The Crystals – ‘Da Doo Ron Ron’
367. Frank Ocean – ‘Thinking ‘Bout You’
368. Soundgarden – ‘Black Hole Sun’
369. The Cars – ‘Just What I Needed’
370. Buddy Holly – ‘Peggy Sue’
371. Elton John – ‘Bennie and the Jets’
372. Bonnie Raitt – ‘I Can’t Make You Love Me’
373. Drake – ‘Hotline Bling’
374. William DeVaughn – ‘Be Thankful for What You Got’
375. The Drifters – ‘Up on the Roof’
376. Merle Haggard – ‘Mama Tried’
377. The Cure – ‘Pictures of You’
378. The Killers – ‘Mr. Brightside’
379. D’Angelo – ‘Untitled (How Does It Feel)’
380. Fountains of Wayne – ‘Radiation Vibe’
381. The Slits – ‘Typical Girls’
382. Fiona Apple – ‘Paper Bag’
383. Childish Gambino – ‘Redbone’
384. Cardi B Ft. Bad Bunny & J Balvin – ‘I Like It’
385. Diana Ross – ‘I’m Coming Out’
386. The Kinks – ‘Lola’
387. New York Dolls – ‘Personality Crisis’
388. DMX – ‘Party Up (Up in Here)’
389. Pretenders – ‘Brass in Pocket’
390. Metallica – ‘Enter Sandman’
391. Eric Church – ‘Springsteen’
392. Coldplay – ‘Fix You’
393. James Brown – ‘Say It Loud (I’m Black and I’m Proud)’
394. Jeff Buckley – ‘Grace’
395. Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force – ‘Planet Rock’
396. Elvis Costello – ‘Alison’
397. Public Enemy – ‘Bring the Noise’
398. Duran Duran – ‘Hungry Like the Wolf’
399. Sylvester – ‘You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)’
400. David Bowie – ‘Station to Station’
401. Fleetwood Mac – ‘Go Your Own Way’
402. Bill Withers – ‘Lovely Day’
403. Rufus and Chaka Khan – ‘Ain’t Nobody’
404. Kiss – ‘Rock and Roll All Nite’
405. Selena – ‘Amor Prohibido’
406. Run-DMC – ‘Sucker MC’s’
407. Lynyrd Skynyrd – ‘Free Bird’
408. Cat Stevens– ‘Father and Son’
409. Foo Fighters – ‘Everlong’
410. Allman Brothers Band – ‘Whipping Post’
411. Wilco – ‘Heavy Metal Drummer’
412. Neneh Cherry – ‘Buffalo Stance’
413. Them – ‘Gloria’
414. Blondie – ‘Dreaming’
415. Depeche Mode – ‘Enjoy the Silence’
416. Pearl Jam – ‘Alive’
417. Mark Ronson feat. Bruno Mars – ‘Uptown Funk’
418. Booker T. and the MGs – ‘Green Onions’
419. Mariah Carey – ‘Fantasy’
420. The Mamas and the Papas – ‘California Dreaming’
421. The Smiths – ‘How Soon Is Now?’
422. Craig Mack featuring Notorious B.I.G. – ‘Flava in Ya Ear (Remix)’
423. Fiona Apple – ‘Criminal’
424. Blackstreet feat. Dr. Dre and Queen Pen – ‘No Diggity’
425. Muddy Waters – ‘Mannish Boy’
426. Nicki Minaj – ‘Super Bass’
427. Sugar Hill Gang – ‘Rapper’s Delight’
428. Harry Styles – ‘Sign of the Times’
429. Queen and David Bowie – ‘Under Pressure’
430. Pete Rock and CL Smooth – ‘They Reminisce Over You’
431. Prince – ‘Adore’
432. Eddie Cochran – ‘Summertime Blues’
433. Pet Shop Boys – ‘West End Girls’
434. Ramones – ‘Sheena Is a Punk Rocker’
435. Rush – ‘Limelight’
436. Carly Rae Jepsen – ‘Call Me Maybe’
437. Lucinda Williams – ‘Passionate Kisses’
438. Megan Thee Stallion featuring Beyoncé – ‘Savage (Remix)’
439. Celia Cruz – ‘La Vida Es un Carnaval’
440. Alicia Keys – ‘If I Ain’t Got You’
441. Miranda Lambert – ‘The House That Built Me’
442. Motörhead – ‘Ace of Spades’
443. Fall Out Boy – ‘Sugar, We’re Going Down’
444. 50 Cent – ‘In Da Club’
445. T. Rex – ‘Cosmic Dancer’
446. Bruce Springsteen – ‘Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)’
447. The Beatles – ‘Help!’
448. Erykah Badu – ‘Tyrone’
449. Blue Öyster Cult – ‘(Don’t Fear) The Reaper’
450. Neil Young – ‘Powderfinger’
451. Migos feat. Lil Uzi Vert – ‘Bad and Boujee’
452. Toto – ‘Africa’
453. Missy Elliot – ‘The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)’
454. Sister Nancy – ‘Bam Bam’
455. Jefferson Airplane – ‘White Rabbit’
456. Lana Del Rey – ‘Summertime Sadness’
457. Bon Jovi – ‘Living on a Prayer’
458. Beck – ‘Loser’
459. Sade – ‘No Ordinary Love’
460. Steel Pulse – ‘Ku Klux Klan’
461. Roy Orbison – ‘Crying’
462. Van Morrison – ‘Into the Mystic’
463. John Lee Hooker – ‘Boom Boom’
464. Joni Mitchell – ‘Help Me’
465. Daft Punk feat. Pharrell Williams – ‘Get Lucky’
466. Luther Vandross – ‘Never Too Much’
467. Nirvana – ‘Come as You Are’
468. Mazzy Star – ‘Fade Into You’
469. Dixie Chicks – ‘Goodbye Earl’
470. Gladys Knight and the Pips – ‘Midnight Train to Georgia’
471. The Animals – ‘The House of the Rising Sun’
472. Peter Gabriel – ‘Solsbury Hill’
473. Tammy Wynette – ‘Stand by Your Man’
474. Curtis Mayfield – ‘Move On Up’
475. Janet Jackson – ‘Rhythm Nation’
476. Kris Kristofferson – ‘Sunday Morning Comin’ Down’
477. The Go-Gos – ‘Our Lips Are Sealed’
478. Juvenile feat. Lil Wayne and Mannie Fresh – ‘Back That Azz Up’
479. Santana – ‘Oye Como Va’
480. Biz Markie – ‘Just a Friend’
481. Robert Johnson – ‘Cross Road Blues’
482. Lady Gaga – ‘Bad Romance’
483. The Four Tops – ‘I Can’t Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)’
484. Weezer – ‘Buddy Holly’
485. Azealia Banks – ‘212’
486. Lil Wayne – ‘A Milli’
487. Solange – ‘Cranes in the Sky’
488. The Weeknd – ‘House of Balloons’
489. The Breeders – ‘Cannonball’
490. Lil Nas X – ‘Old Town Road’
491. Guns N’ Roses – ‘Welcome to the Jungle’
492. Miles Davis – ‘So What’
493. The Pixies – ‘Where Is My Mind?’
494. Cyndi Lauper – ‘Time After Time’
495. Carly Simon – ‘You’re So Vain’
496. Harry Nilsson – ‘Without You’
497. Lizzo – ‘Truth Hurts’
498. Townes Van Zandt – ‘Pancho and Lefty’
499. The Supremes – ‘Baby Love’
500. Kanye West – ‘Stronger’

Taking into account my lack of knowledge of commercial music after the 1994 Republican Revolution – due to both my own dislike and the criticism of the likes of Joe S. Harrington and Piero Scaruffi – there are not many songs I would be likely to include in a “best-of” of my own:

• #12 – ‘Superstition’ – is a definite exception that I wholeheartedly agree could be almost as high as it is
• #28 – ‘Once in a Lifetime’ – is also exceptional but its predecessor on Remain in Light – ‘The Great Curve’ – is even better
• #40 – ‘All Along the Watchtower’ – is another that fully deserves its place here and which I might include myself
• #60 – ‘Running Up That Hill’ – is truly deserving, although third track ‘The Big Sky’ is even better
• #61 – ‘Stairway to Heaven’ – is deserving, although ‘The Battle of Evermore’, ‘Four Sticks’ and ‘When the Levee Breaks’ are better to my mind
• #68 – ‘Good Times’ – I have recently listened to and feel fully deserves its place, although why ‘Le Freak’ is not there at all is a big question
• #172 – ‘Mississippi Goddamn’ – is probably the greatest civil rights protest song and would have to be on any list I make
• #358 – ‘Because the Night’ – is a deserved selection but not necessarily the best from its parent album
• #410 – ‘Whipping Post’ – is an equal must to ‘Superstition’
• #462 – ‘Into the Mystic’ – I also would have to include, although on a top-10 album probably it would have to be alongside the title tune and several others
• #210, #235, #289, #371, #468, #495, and Aretha’s several late-1960s and early 1970s songs would also be considerations, and if I thought carefully I could certainly add to this list further

However, what is apparent to me is that it is much more difficult to make a list of best songs than best albums. In many cases, I would certainly have chosen a different song, or one of several different songs, from the same or nearby albums:

Artist	Song	Song(s) I would have included myself
Fleetwood Mac	‘Dreams’	‘Rhiannon’ ‘Sisters of the Moon’ ‘Sara’
	‘Landslide’
	‘Go Your Own Way’
Patti Smith	‘Gloria’	‘Birdland’ ‘Ain’t It Strange’ ‘Poppies’
Stevie Wonder	‘Higher Ground’	‘Living for the City’
Elton John	‘Rocket Man’	‘Honky Cat’
Television	‘Marquee Moon’	‘See No Evil’ ‘Venus’ ‘Friction’ ‘Torn Curtain’ ‘Foxhole’
Parliament	‘Flash Light’	‘Sir Nose D‘Void‘Of Funk’ ‘Funkentelechy’ ‘Bop Gun (Endangered Species)’
The Police	‘Every Breath You Take’	‘Message in a Bottle’ ‘Don’t Stand So Close to Me’ ‘Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic’ ‘Spirits in the Material World’
Steely Dan	‘Deacon Blues’ (in my view one of their worst songs)	‘Josie’ ‘Black Friday’ ‘Hey Nineteen’ ‘Glamour Profession’
The Doors	‘Light My Fire’	‘Break On Through’ ‘Twentieth Century Fox’ ‘Alabama Song (Whisky Bar)’
Roxy Music	‘Virginia Plain’	‘Do the Strand’ ‘Re Make/Re Model’ ‘Psalm’
The Slits	‘Typical Girls’	‘Spend, Spend, Spend’ ‘Shoplifting’ ‘Earthbeat’ ‘Animal Space/Spacier’
Bruce Springsteen	‘Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)’	‘The E Street Shuffle’ ‘Kitty’s Back’

These cases really do make me think a lot. The fact that Rolling Stone have so often not chosen what I think of as the best songs on even those albums I would rate most highly really makes me feel that it must be more difficult to list best songs than best albums. I say this despite the fact that I rarely listen non-stop through even what I consider the best albums like Moondance, Country Life, Spiderland, Hejira, The Milk-Eyed Mender, alongside other lesser-known masterpieces. (The lack of full album listens may be influenced by lack of opportunity under record COVID numbers for long periods of non-stop listening as I formerly obtained via extended bus rides).

Even with my knowledge limitations, I am not willing to discredit entirely Rolling Stone’s list, and the possibly greater difficulty might call for more lenience than with their Top 500 Albums.

“None Is Too Many” cars confirmed once and for all

For year, I have said following on from the Public Transport Users’Association and the Democratic Socialist Party’s 1990 Environment, Capitalism and Socialism that it is ecologically unacceptable for one cent of public or private money to be spent on building new freeways and that if Australia not be a rogue state it cannot build one new road and must invest every cent of transport money to achieve a mass public transit system that minimally achieves equal freedom of mobility as our present car-dominated system.

Ever since a temper outburst during my first overseas tour during the 2006/2007 southern summer, my mother has said that whenever I discuss global warming I am too focused upon three things:

1. Australia as a source of greenhouse gas emissions
   
2. cars and transport as a source of greenhouse gas emissions
   
3. per capita emissions, as opposed to aggregate emissions
   

 (1) and (3) I have always denied and now are definitively refuted by Dimitri Lafleur’s 2018 thesis ‘Aspects of Australia’s fugitive and overseas emissions from fossil fuel exports’, which shows that Australia is one of the six largest total emitters using an extraction-based count rather than the standard territorial-based count. The problem with the territorial-based count is that it fails to recognise that the countries to whom these emissions are debited are quite likely to have not gained economically from them if they purchased the fuel from somewhere else. By re-debiting emissions to the original energy source and likely location of (largest) net financial profit. Saudi Arabia, which would be a rogue state merely for its place as the leading supporter of international terrorism, becomes the third-highest aggregate emitter with 4.9 percent of total global emissions. Australia is the sixth-highest with over 3 percent, behind China, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Russia and India.

In the past two or three years, after a nasty meltdown in October 2018 — during which I ruined several coffee-brewing machines — I have come to accept to a considerable degree that cars versus public transport is not the primary cause of runaway climate change.

 

However, in his ‘Elon Musk’s electric planet-suicide vehicle: Automobiles, emissions and degrowth’, author Richard Smith has confirmed that there is no possible solution to global emissions besides:

“drastically reduce[ing] vehicle production, ban[ning] the production of needlessly large vehicles, vastly expand[ing] many modes of public transit and biking, discourage[ing] private ownership of cars and encourage the use of shared vehicles”

Smith is the founder of System Change Not Climate Change, which brands itself as the leading ecosocialist network in the US, and author of Green Capitalism: The God that Failed and China’s Engine of Ecological Apocalypse. His article demonstrates conclusively that the car industry must be entirely shut down (at least in its present form) because it is geared towards an extraordinary amount of waste through planned obsolescence in order to maximise profits. In the process Smith demonstrates as Environment, Capitalism and Socialism did so far back as 1990 that only a completely new social system can adequately reduce greenhouse gas emissions — one based upon social need rather than corporate profit. :

“In short, the entire auto [car] industry — electric and gas-powered — is completely unsustainable. We don’t need an auto [car] industry that produces tens of millions of new cars every year. What we need is a different transportation system. The actual solution to minimizing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector — as for the economy as a whole — is not technological innovation, but social and economic transformation [author’s italics]”

Smith fails to quantify the reduction in vehicle production that would be needed to achieve zero emissions by 2050. Nor does he quantify what a “needlessly large vehicle” is. However, the figures he provides about the importance of road transport to greenhouse gas emissions do suggest that the requisite reduction is to the point of a total ban on production of road vehicles outside of vehicles built (or, possibly, modified) specifically and exclusively for specialised uses such as:

1. emergency vehicles including fire engines and ambulances
2. delivery of items impossible to carry on public transit direct to homes or workplaces
   
3. vehicles for the work of tradespeople on jobs like home maintenance
   

Although the radical left have never explicitly argued for a total ban on private road transport, the evidence of Richard Smith that “none is too many” cars appears much stronger than I had thought beforehand, and much firmer than what the radical left has said in the past.

Is this a verification or not of conventional democratisation theories?

Over recent weeks and months, my brother has consistently said that the middle classes have always been the drivers of democratisation, an idea that contradicts the explicit and implicit viewpoints of both the Trotskyists and the anti-democratic far right. Both have said democratisation is driven by the poor and working classes, differing greatly of course in the evaluation of their intentions – the Trotkyists view democratisation as driven by a lower class fight for justice whereas the anti-democratic far right view it as driven by pure envy.

This morning, however, I found a fourteen-year-old Socialist Worker article (‘What Is Real Democracy?’) that on first sight suggest that my image acquired from Trotskyists of democracy as a product of class struggle by the working classes is not perfectly accurate. Author John Molyneux argues that the roots of modern democracy came from the early entrepreneurs known as burghers (from which we get bourgeoisie) who resented the power of the feudal aristocracy and the royal families. Democracy developed because the new bourgeoisie needed allies amongst the lower classes in order to defeat the old feudal ruling class. Nevertheless, the bourgeoisie rejected even the very limited democracy of universal suffrage, and was only forced to grant it by the pressure of the working classes, although Molyneux argues that there was always some pressure for inclusion of lower classes.

If we look at Molyneux’ assessment, I will first note that pre-Reformation Christianity was intransigently opposed to minimal democracy, as is discussed by Vladimir Moss. Both Catholicism and Orthodoxy viewed democracy as per se atheistic and anarchistic. As Socialist Worker notes here, this view was never challenged until the Radical Reformation. I will next note that Molyneaux never mentions the middle classes as an agent of democratisation in themselves, only noting the urban poor and peasantry as allies of the bourgeoisie. He does not discuss the position of the petit-bourgeoisie in these struggles at all, failing even to note that the petit-bourgeoisie (at least the rural petit-bourgeoisie) possessed the necessary property to vote in the early constitutional oligarchies of Britain and the Netherlands. Nor, critically, does Molyneux discuss the differences between the four struggles which he mentions, especially between the conservative American Revolution and the much more radical French Revolution which actually began as a radical peasant struggle.

So, actually, whilst Molyneux does in some respects challenge the theory that democracy emerged purely and simply out of the struggles of the poor, he does not accept in any way the conventional role of the middle classes in democratisation. Rather, Molyneux, in effect, is arguing that democratisation results from severe elite conflict allowing the mobilisation of the poor. His argument is very incomplete: when he says:

“Increasingly the bourgeoisie came to resent the arbitrary hereditary power of the aristocracy, which they believed to be holding back not only their own advancement but also society as a whole”

he does not discuss why the bourgeoisie resented the aristocracy. The history of many states that have remained authoritarian, especially in the Middle East and East Asia, shows that there is no necessary hostility between the bourgeoisie and the older aristocracy, and that the bourgeoisie can often incorporate itself into an aristocratic government.

For these reasons, it is not true, as I somewhat naïvely thought on first reading, that Socialist Worker accepts the conventional line of the middle classes causing democratisation. Rather, they argue, as Red Flag has more recently, that

“...when a major class struggle breaks out, they [the middle classes] are relatively powerless. Unlike the capitalist class, they don’t decide what happens on a grand scale. Unlike the working class, they can’t usually affect the economy by going on strike, and they have no collective power to create a new, better society.”

and that this powerlessness and that the middle classes can never represent “ordinary, everyday people” is reflected in middle class political history.

The problem of testing and of capitalism – as Victoria moves towards a completely failed lockdown

The past three weeks have been depressing as COVID-19 numbers in Victoria continue to rise without the slightest sign that they will ever fall. Yesterday – a day of reduced testing as is supposedly typical fo weekends – there were 73 cases in the community, and there is not the slightest sign that mystery cases are falling. What is worse still is that there is no academic study of why Victoria’s lockdown has failed, and I am quite suspicious academics attempting to do so will say something politically taboo (as I will discuss later).

It is virtually certain that this lockdown, originally scheduled for a week. is likely to be indefinite and most likely to last for a year or longer, with catastrophic effects on all but the biggest businesses. COVID case numbers are almost certain, as one commentator on Twitter said, to rise far above the present horrific 1,218 seen in New South Wales yesterday. The predicted number by November – when the state came out of a lockdown against a much less contagious COVID variant that was caused like the present one by a negligently prematurely easing restrictions whilst COVID was abundant in the community – is over 2,000 per day. However, with numbers doubling every week or so under restrictions similar to last year, COVID numbers in Victoria would actually reach 23,000 cases per day by the end of October!

Politicians are repetitively saying that the government is doing its best, despite the fact that personal experience says clearly that rules are not being enforced and that there is inadequate effort to test residents as soon as COVID-19 is detected in wastewater. The number of people lying around parks that are supposed to be closed is quite alarming, and what is needed is to have steel fences so that people cannot lie around parks. Reports I have read say that closed parks have been bound with tape and plastic that people can cut in the simplest manner with household scissors!

The belief is that once the supply of vaccines against COVID is improved, then restrictions will be able to be eliminated and businesses return to normal. However, Red Flag (the current version of Socialist Alternative, which I read extensively as a student two decades ago) and the World Socialist Web Site here and here have demonstrated that it is a lie that the government is doing everything possible. The WSWS demonstrate that vaccines will be at best a very short-term solution as increasing resistance and an increasing number of even more virulent and contagious strains means that in a very short time numbers will rise even more rapidly than they are today, at least under imperfectly enforced lockdown measures without full wage payment to all workers. Without full wage payment until COVID is eradicated, it is difficult or impossible for workers to get test before they have spent multiple weeks infectious in the community. Commentators much more conservative than Red Flag or the WSWS have argued that the abolition of Jobkeeper this very month may be an important factor preventing numbers going down.

The WSWS demonstrate that if all resources held by the richest 1 percent were transferred globally to eradication of COVID at a global scale, such eradication could easily be achieved before even more potent, contagious and vaccine-resistant strains emerge. The WSWS demonstrate that there is no way strains even more contagious and potent than the currently dominant Delta will not emerge. As Red Flag said in the aftermath of the Trump victory in 2017, public support for much higher taxes, possibly even for expropriation, of the rich has zero effect on policies that are entirely controlled by business. Red Flag show that the only way the immense majority can have their voices heard is by

“...revolutionary organising centres, where striking workers and mutinying soldiers can coordinate their defiance, robbing our exploiters of the ability to wield economic and political force against us [workers]”

What is clear is that COVID can only be stopped by a complete expropriation of the world’s capitalists – and that without it the world’s poor will face a complete and permanent loss of freedoms taken for granted in nominally democratic countries – most critically freedom to travel and freedom of choice in food and other products. Without expropriation to the final cent of the wealth of the super-rich, and its transfer to pay for essential health for the poor at no cost, the COVID pandemic will never end.

Wendell Berry's 6 favorite books about environmental protection

Although I have known of Wendell Berry, a controversial though admired farmer and writer from Kentucky’s Henry County, since the 1990s, it is only today when browsing through Front Porch Republic that I discovered this list titled “Wendell Berry's 6 favorite books about environmental protection: the poet and environmental activist recommends inspiring works about how to interact with the land”.

1. Farmers of Forty Centuries: Organic Farming in China, Korea, and Japan by F. H. King
2. Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture by J. Russell Smith 
3. An Agricultural Testament by Sir Albert Howard
4. A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold
5. Home Place: Essays on Ecology by Stan Rowe
6. Nature as Measure: The Selected Essays of Wes Jackson

I find some of the choices especially revealing in a world where the free market directs agriculture to the very countries possessing the oldest, most leached, and most infertile soils alongside the scarcest and most unreliable water resources. As early as 2008 James Kenneth Galbraith in his The Predatory State hinted at the problems posed by specialising in agriculture, although without any consideration of the disadvantages specialisers in agriculture actually have relative to countries with immense comparative disadvantage in agriculture.

The first book on the list, published in 1929 before the “Green Revolution” intensified the Enriched World’s comparative disadvantage in agriculture, illustrates how it is possible to sustain agriculture in favourable climates and young soils. The second illustrates why annual crops are ill-suited outside the Enriched World except in certain Tropical World regions of unusually fertile soils that share the Enriched World’s general agricultural comparative disadvantage. The third, fifth and sixth books appear less interesting, whilst A Sand County Almanac is a familiar American environmental classic which I have never read.

All in all, these books do illustrate the way in which intensive farming was sustained in the Enriched World, which has bene the success of the localist and organic farming movements. Their failure has been to not recognise the ipso facto unsustainability of farming many regions – all of Australia and many parts of Africa, tropical Asia and non-Hispanophone South America – and to campaign for appropriate land uses in these regions. Without appropriate land use and new economies in these regions of almost universal extreme comparative advantage in agriculture, we cannot solve the global ecological crisis.

‘The Week’’s mistake

Today, a journal called The Week said in an article titled ‘Tucker Carlson joins the right-wing pilgrimage to Budapest’:

“All of which means that Hungary looks to be for populist conservatives in the 2020s what the Soviet Union was for the international left a century ago: a foreign model of a morally and politically edifying future.”

There are serious problems with author Damon Linker’s idea. The most important is that conservatives have always had far more political models available for them than the international left. As Jacobin Magazine notes here and here, it has been very rare than the industrial working class has had the political power to create regimes so much as acceptable to the academic Left, and no other group but large industrial working classes in tradable heavy industry has the power to do so. The academic Left has typically had either zero models to work upon or a small choice from:

• revolutionary Russia in the fleeting moment before the Civil War
• revolutionary Spain in a similarly fleeting moment before its own Civil War
• certain Stalinist regimes, chiefly Cuba
• less often, European social democratic regimes (which tend to be rejected when dealing with much more conservative electorates like Australia or the United States)
  

Contrariwise, conservatives have available models dating back to the establishment of Christianity or even earlier, although in practice almost no conservative academics advocate regime types dating back further than the eighteenth century. Even Politically Incorrect Guides that praise the Middle Ages (especially the Guide to Western Civilization by Anthony Esolen) do not offer medieval society as a serious model. Corresponding to this far greater choice of political models for conservatives, there has typically been competing conservative models of an edifying future, which can indeed be opposed to each other as firmly as conservatism is opposed to liberalism and to socialism.

One could argue that looking to foreign models is relatively new for conservatives, or at least new for conservatives since World War Two. Since 1945, conservatives have typically looked to pre-World War One Western societies for models, although even this gives considerable choice between constitutional oligarchies and a variety of diverse authoritarian regimes. However, in the interwar period, many foreign conservative models were available for the ruling and middle classes of surviving democracies, and although many gained virtually zero adherents, there were many foreign admirers of and sympathizers with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and even Engelbert Dollfuß’ and Kurt Schuschnigg’s Austrian Ständesstaat or Salazar’s Portugal.

Linker is also wrong about Orbán’s regime being any sort of pariah. It has had conflicts with the remainder of the European Union, but that is totally unlike revolutionary Russia, which constituted an existential threat to every single coexisting ruling class. Both anti-Communist Paul Kengor and Trotskyist Peter Binns note that Lenin said in March 1919 that:

“We are living, not merely in a state but in a system of states and the existence of the Soviet Republic side by side with imperialist states for a long time [any length of time] is unthinkable. One or the other must triumph in the end. And before that end supervenes a series of frightful collisions between the Soviet Republic and the bourgeois states would be inevitable.”

Until after the Russian Civil War, no country anywhere in the world recognised Bolshevik Russia – for a ruling class that would be signing its own death warrant as the Bolsheviks – alongside Europe’s industrial working classes – were committed to the overthrow of every existing ruling class. Contrariwise, regimes incomparably more repressive and reactionary than Orbán’s – the Gulf monarchies for one, or even Putin’s Russia or Lusashenko’s Belarus – are not regarded as pariahs anywhere in the world because they support the power of the global ruling class.

Pentatrigesimal periods

Following from my previous post, I will give a list of all periods in pentatrigesimal (using all numbers and all letters except O) up to 1225, or 100 in pentratrigesimal. Periods are given in both bases to help.

Pentatrigesimal	Period35	Period10	Decimal	Pentatrigesimal	Period35	Period10	Decimal
1	0	0	1	HJ	Z	34	614
2	1	1	2	HK	15	40	615
3	2	2	3	HL	K	20	616
4	2	2	4	HM	HL	616	617
5	0	0	5	HN	2X	102	618
6	2	2	6	HP	2Y	103	619
7	0	0	7	HQ	A	10	620
8	2	2	8	HR	1W	66	621
9	2	2	9	HS	4F	155	622
A	1	1	10	HT	2I	88	623
B	A	10	11	HU	C	12	624
C	2	2	12	HV	0	0	625
D	3	3	13	HW	4G	156	626
E	1	1	14	HX	2K	90	627
F	2	2	15	HY	28	78	628
G	4	4	16	HZ	11	36	629
H	1	1	17	I0	2	2	630
I	2	2	18	I1	3L	126	631
J	9	9	19	I2	28	78	632
K	2	2	20	I3	60	210	633
L	2	2	21	I4	91	316	634
M	A	10	22	I5	1T	63	635
N	B	11	23	I6	1H	52	636
P	2	2	24	I7	3	3	637
Q	0	0	25	I8	20	70	638
R	3	3	26	I9	20	70	639
S	6	6	27	IA	X	32	640
T	2	2	28	IB	4K	160	641
U	E	14	29	IC	31	106	642
V	2	2	30	ID	IC	642	643
W	5	5	31	IE	M	22	644
X	8	8	32	IF	E	14	645
Y	A	10	33	IG	9	9	646
Z	1	1	34	IH	IG	646	647
10	0	0	35	II	I	18	648
11	2	2	36	IJ	8A	290	649
12	11	36	37	IK	3	3	650
13	9	9	38	IL	A	10	651
14	6	6	39	IM	4M	162	652
15	2	2	40	IN	IM	652	653
16	15	40	41	IP	1J	54	654
17	2	2	42	IQ	1V	65	655
18	7	7	43	IR	15	40	656
19	A	10	44	IS	11	36	657
1A	2	2	45	IT	1B	46	658
1B	B	11	46	IU	IY	658	659
1C	1B	46	47	IV	A	10	660
1D	4	4	48	IW	IV	660	661
1E	0	0	49	IX	9F	330	662
1F	1	1	50	IY	6	6	663
1G	2	2	51	IZ	2C	82	664
1H	6	6	52	J0	9	9	665
1I	1H	52	53	J1	11	36	666
1J	6	6	54	J2	4E	154	667
1K	A	10	55	J3	4R	166	668
1L	2	2	56	J4	6C	222	669
1M	I	18	57	J5	X	33	670
1N	E	14	58	J6	1Q	60	671
1P	U	29	59	J7	4	4	672
1Q	2	2	60	J8	J7	672	673
1R	1Q	60	61	J9	37	112	674
1S	5	5	62	JA	3Y	138	675
1T	2	2	63	JB	28	78	676
1U	G	16	64	JC	4U	169	677
1V	3	3	65	JD	G	16	678
1W	A	10	66	JE	3	3	679
1X	Y	33	67	JF	2	2	680
1Y	2	2	68	JG	6G	226	681
1Z	M	22	69	JH	A	10	682
20	1	1	70	JI	9R	341	683
21	20	70	71	JJ	I	18	684
22	2	2	72	JK	3W	136	685
23	11	36	73	JL	1	1	686
24	11	36	74	JM	6I	228	687
25	2	2	75	JN	T	28	688
26	I	18	76	JP	4G	156	689
27	A	10	77	JQ	M	22	690
28	6	6	78	JR	9V	345	691
29	28	78	79	JS	2G	86	692
2A	4	4	80	JT	A	10	693
2B	I	18	81	JU	4Y	173	694
2C	15	40	82	JV	3Y	138	695
2D	2C	82	83	JW	E	14	696
2E	2	2	84	JX	15	40	697
2F	1	1	85	JY	3B	116	698
2G	7	7	86	JZ	6M	232	699
2H	E	14	87	K0	2	2	700
2I	A	10	88	K1	20	70	701
2J	2I	88	89	K2	6	6	702
2K	2	2	90	K3	11	36	703
2L	3	3	91	K4	2A	80	704
2M	M	22	92	K5	1B	46	705
2N	A	10	93	K6	19	44	706
2P	1B	46	94	K7	2V	100	707
2Q	9	9	95	K8	1N	58	708
2R	8	8	96	K9	A4	354	709
2S	3	3	97	KA	20	70	710
2T	1	1	98	KB	28	78	711
2U	A	10	99	KC	2I	88	712
2V	2	2	100	KD	1K	55	713
2W	2V	100	101	KE	2	2	714
2X	2	2	102	KF	V	30	715
2Y	2X	102	103	KG	53	178	716
2Z	6	6	104	KH	6T	238	717
30	2	2	105	KI	A8	358	718
31	1H	52	106	KJ	A9	359	719
32	1I	53	107	KK	4	4	720
33	6	6	108	KL	2X	102	721
34	S	27	109	KM	4W	171	722
35	A	10	110	KN	6V	240	723
36	11	36	111	KP	K	20	724
37	4	4	112	KQ	E	14	725
38	G	16	113	KR	35	110	726
39	I	18	114	KS	KR	726	727
3A	B	11	115	KT	6	6	728
3B	E	14	116	KU	4M	162	729
3C	6	6	117	KV	11	36	730
3D	1N	58	118	KW	7	7	731
3E	1	1	119	KX	1Q	60	732
3F	2	2	120	KY	58	183	733
3G	35	110	121	KZ	3H	122	734
3H	1Q	60	122	L0	2	2	735
3I	15	40	123	L1	2I	88	736
3J	A	10	124	L2	9F	330	737
3K	0	0	125	L3	15	40	738
3L	2	2	126	L4	L3	738	739
3M	1T	63	127	L5	11	36	740
3N	X	32	128	L6	I	18	741
3P	E	14	129	L7	1H	52	742
3Q	6	6	130	L8	AL	371	743
3R	1V	65	131	L9	A	10	744
3S	A	10	132	LA	24	74	745
3T	9	9	133	LB	AM	372	746
3U	Y	33	134	LC	2C	82	747
3V	6	6	135	LD	A	10	748
3W	2	2	136	LE	1I	53	749
3X	3W	136	137	LF	2	2	750
3Y	M	22	138	LG	LF	750	751
3Z	1Z	69	139	LH	2M	92	752
40	2	2	140	LI	75	250	753
41	1B	46	141	LJ	17	42	754
42	20	70	142	LK	4A	150	755
43	V	30	143	LL	6	6	756
44	4	4	144	LM	66	756	757
45	E	14	145	LN	AT	378	758
46	11	36	146	LP	35	110	759
47	2	2	147	LQ	I	18	760
48	11	36	148	LR	15	40	761
49	24	74	149	LS	3L	126	762
4A	2	2	150	LT	S	27	763
4B	4A	150	151	LU	5F	190	764
4C	I	18	152	LV	2	2	765
4D	2	2	153	LW	AX	382	766
4E	A	10	154	LX	4Z	174	767
4F	5	5	155	LY	1U	64	768
4G	6	6	156	LZ	7B	256	769
4H	14	39	157	M0	A	10	770
4I	28	78	158	M1	1U	64	771
4J	1H	52	159	M2	1U	64	772
4K	8	8	160	M3	5I	193	773
4L	B	11	161	M4	E	14	774
4M	I	18	162	M5	5	5	775
4N	2B	81	163	M6	6	6	776
4P	15	40	164	M7	11	36	777
4Q	A	10	165	M8	2S	97	778
4R	2C	82	166	M9	AA	360	779
4S	4R	166	167	MA	6	6	780
4T	2	2	168	MB	20	70	781
4U	14	39	169	MC	B	11	782
4V	1	1	170	MD	17	42	783
4W	I	18	171	ME	4	4	784
4X	E	14	172	MF	14	39	785
4Y	2G	86	173	MG	3Q	130	786
4Z	E	14	174	MH	MG	786	787
50	0	0	175	MI	5L	196	788
51	K	20	176	MJ	7H	262	789
52	1N	58	177	MK	28	78	790
53	2I	88	178	ML	S	27	791
54	53	178	179	MM	A	10	792
55	2	2	180	MN	1Q	60	793
56	K	20	181	MP	6	6	794
57	3	3	182	MQ	1H	52	795
58	1Q	60	183	MR	5N	198	796
59	M	22	184	MS	BD	398	797
5A	11	36	185	MT	I	18	798
5B	A	10	186	MU	1B	46	799
5C	A	10	187	MV	8	8	800
5D	1B	46	188	MW	2I	88	801
5E	6	6	189	MX	15	41	802
5F	9	9	190	MY	55	180	803
5G	5F	190	191	MZ	1W	66	804
5H	G	16	192	N0	B	11	805
5I	1U	64	193	N1	F	15	806
5J	3	3	194	N2	7N	268	807
5K	6	6	195	N3	2V	100	808
5L	2	2	196	N4	BJ	404	809
5M	5L	196	197	N5	I	18	810
5N	A	10	198	N6	BK	405	811
5P	2U	99	199	N7	E	14	812
5Q	2	2	200	N8	2K	90	813
5R	1W	66	201	N9	55	180	814
5S	2V	100	202	NA	2B	81	815
5T	E	14	203	NB	4	4	816
5U	4	4	204	NC	1T	63	817
5V	15	40	205	ND	BN	408	818
5W	2X	102	206	NE	6	6	819
5X	M	22	207	NF	15	40	820
5Y	C	12	208	NG	16	41	821
5Z	2K	90	209	NH	3W	136	822
60	2	2	210	NI	BR	411	823
61	60	210	211	NJ	2X	102	824
62	1H	52	212	NK	A	10	825
63	20	70	213	NL	U	29	826
64	1I	53	214	NM	BT	413	827
65	7	7	215	NN	M	22	828
66	6	6	216	NP	NN	828	829
67	5	5	217	NQ	2C	82	830
68	S	27	218	NR	C	12	831
69	11	36	219	NS	1D	48	832
6A	A	10	220	NT	1	1	833
6B	3	3	221	NU	3Y	138	834
6C	11	36	222	NV	4R	166	835
6D	6C	222	223	NW	2K	90	836
6E	8	8	224	NX	V	30	837
6F	2	2	225	NY	5Z	209	838
6G	G	16	226	NZ	BZ	419	839
6H	6G	226	227	P0	2	2	840
6I	I	18	228	P1	BL	406	841
6J	6I	228	229	P2	F	15	842
6K	B	11	230	P3	20	70	843
6L	A	10	231	P4	60	210	844
6M	E	14	232	P5	14	39	845
6N	6M	232	233	P6	1B	46	846
6P	6	6	234	P7	35	110	847
6Q	1B	46	235	P8	1H	52	848
6R	1N	58	236	P9	82	282	849
6S	28	78	237	PA	1	1	850
6T	1	1	238	PB	BB	396	851
6U	6T	238	239	PC	20	70	852
6V	4	4	240	PD	C6	426	853
6W	6V	240	241	PE	1Q	60	854
6X	35	110	242	PF	I	18	855
6Y	1J	54	243	PG	31	106	856
6Z	1Q	60	244	PH	C8	428	857
70	0	0	245	PI	V	30	858
71	15	40	246	PJ	43	143	859
72	9	9	247	PK	E	14	860
73	A	10	248	PL	15	40	861
74	2C	82	249	PM	CA	430	862
75	1	1	250	PN	CB	431	863
76	3K	125	251	PP	P	24	864
77	2	2	252	PQ	2G	86	865
78	35	110	253	PR	66	216	866
79	1T	63	254	PS	Z	34	867
7A	2	2	255	PT	A	10	868
7B	1U	64	256	PU	B5	390	869
7C	1U	64	257	PV	E	14	870
7D	E	14	258	PW	Y	33	871
7E	11	36	259	PX	1J	54	872
7F	6	6	260	PY	6	6	873
7G	E	14	261	PZ	2U	99	874
7H	1V	65	262	Q0	0	0	875
7I	3R	131	263	Q1	11	36	876
7J	A	10	264	Q2	Q1	876	877
7K	1H	52	265	Q3	69	219	878
7L	9	9	266	Q4	46	146	879
7M	2I	88	267	Q5	K	20	880
7N	1W	66	268	Q6	Q5	880	881
7P	7N	268	269	Q7	2	2	882
7Q	6	6	270	Q8	CL	441	883
7R	1A	45	271	Q9	6	6	884
7S	4	4	272	QA	3W	136	885
7T	6	6	273	QB	D	13	886
7U	3W	136	274	QC	QB	886	887
7V	A	10	275	QD	11	36	888
7W	M	22	276	QE	1T	63	889
7X	C	12	277	QF	2I	88	890
7Y	3Y	138	278	QG	2K	90	891
7Z	A	10	279	QH	6C	222	892
80	2	2	280	QI	BU	414	893
81	10	35	281	QJ	24	74	894
82	1B	46	282	QK	53	178	895
83	82	282	283	QL	X	32	896
84	20	70	284	QM	1W	66	897
85	I	18	285	QN	G	16	898
86	V	30	286	QP	20	70	899
87	15	40	287	QQ	2	2	900
88	8	8	288	QR	1H	52	901
89	H	17	289	QS	15	40	902
8A	E	14	290	QT	E	14	903
8B	6	6	291	QU	G	16	904
8C	11	36	292	QV	K	20	905
8D	46	146	293	QW	4A	150	906
8E	2	2	294	QX	CY	453	907
8F	U	29	295	QY	6G	226	908
8G	11	36	296	QZ	2V	100	909
8H	V	30	297	R0	3	3	910
8I	24	74	298	R1	R0	910	911
8J	Y	33	299	R2	11	36	912
8K	2	2	300	R3	BQ	410	913
8L	7	7	301	R4	D1	456	914
8M	4A	150	302	R5	1Q	60	915
8N	2V	100	303	R6	6I	228	916
8P	11	36	304	R7	1V	65	917
8Q	1Q	60	305	R8	6	6	918
8R	2	2	306	R9	8R	306	919
8S	Z	34	307	RA	M	22	920
8T	A	10	308	RB	Z	34	921
8U	2X	102	309	RC	D5	460	922
8V	A	10	310	RD	60	210	923
8W	4F	155	311	RE	A	10	924
8X	6	6	312	RF	11	36	925
8Y	4G	156	313	RG	6L	231	926
8Z	14	39	314	RH	2X	102	927
90	2	2	315	RI	1L	56	928
91	28	78	316	RJ	RI	928	929
92	91	316	317	RK	A	10	930
93	1H	52	318	RL	9	9	931
94	20	70	319	RM	6M	232	932
95	G	16	320	RN	8V	310	933
96	31	106	321	RP	DB	466	934
97	B	11	322	RQ	A	10	935
98	9	9	323	RR	6	6	936
99	I	18	324	RS	6P	234	937
9A	3	3	325	RT	Y	33	938
9B	2B	81	326	RU	4G	156	939
9C	1J	54	327	RV	1B	46	940
9D	15	40	328	RW	RV	940	941
9E	1B	46	329	RX	28	79	942
9F	A	10	330	RY	CK	440	943
9G	9F	330	331	RZ	3B	116	944
9H	2C	82	332	S0	6	6	945
9I	11	36	333	S1	20	70	946
9J	4R	166	334	S2	DI	473	947
9K	1W	66	335	S3	28	78	948
9L	4	4	336	S4	11	36	949
9M	37	112	337	S5	9	9	950
9N	14	39	338	S6	91	316	951
9P	G	16	339	S7	2	2	952
9Q	2	2	340	S8	S7	952	953
9R	A	10	341	S9	1H	52	954
9S	I	18	342	SA	5F	190	955
9T	0	0	343	SB	6T	238	956
9U	E	14	344	SC	20	70	957
9V	2	2	345	SD	6U	239	958
9W	2G	86	346	SE	3W	136	959
9X	4Y	173	347	SF	G	16	960
9Y	E	14	348	SG	4F	155	961
9Z	3B	116	349	SH	11	36	962
A0	1	1	350	SI	31	106	963
A1	6	6	351	SJ	6V	240	964
A2	15	40	352	SK	1U	64	965
A3	19	44	353	SL	M	22	966
A4	1N	58	354	SM	DT	483	967
A5	20	70	355	SN	35	110	968
A6	2I	88	356	SP	I	18	969
A7	2	2	357	SQ	3	3	970
A8	53	178	358	SR	DV	485	971
A9	A8	358	359	SS	1J	54	972
AA	2	2	360	ST	3Y	138	973
AB	4W	171	361	SU	2B	81	974
AC	K	20	362	SV	6	6	975
AD	35	110	363	SW	1Q	60	976
AE	6	6	364	SX	SW	976	977
AF	11	36	365	SY	4M	162	978
AG	1Q	60	366	SZ	B5	390	979
AH	3H	122	367	T0	2	2	980
AI	6	6	368	T1	1J	54	981
AJ	15	40	369	T2	2T	98	982
AK	11	36	370	T3	T2	982	983
AL	1H	52	371	T4	15	40	984
AM	A	10	372	T5	5L	196	985
AN	AM	372	373	T6	E	14	986
AP	A	10	374	T7	1B	46	987
AQ	2	2	375	T8	I	18	988
AR	1B	46	376	T9	27	77	989
AS	17	42	377	TA	A	10	990
AT	6	6	378	TB	35	110	991
AU	AT	378	379	TC	15	40	992
AV	I	18	380	TD	9F	330	993
AW	3L	126	381	TE	20	70	994
AX	5F	190	382	TF	2U	99	995
AY	AX	382	383	TG	2C	82	996
AZ	X	32	384	TH	E8	498	997
B0	A	10	385	TI	E8	498	998
B1	1U	64	386	TJ	11	36	999
B2	E	14	387	TK	2	2	1,000
B3	6	6	388	TL	V	30	1,001
B4	2S	97	389	TM	4R	166	1,002
B5	6	6	390	TN	U	29	1,003
B6	B	11	391	TP	75	250	1,004
B7	2	2	392	TQ	1W	66	1,005
B8	3Q	130	393	TR	EC	502	1,006
B9	5L	196	394	TS	DD	468	1,007
BA	28	78	395	TT	4	4	1,008
BB	A	10	396	TU	4T	168	1,009
BC	6	6	397	TV	2V	100	1,010
BD	2U	99	398	TW	37	112	1,011
BE	I	18	399	TX	35	110	1,012
BF	4	4	400	TY	EG	506	1,013
BG	15	40	401	TZ	28	78	1,014
BH	1W	66	402	U0	E	14	1,015
BI	F	15	403	U1	3L	126	1,016
BJ	2V	100	404	U2	G	16	1,017
BK	I	18	405	U3	EI	508	1,018
BL	E	14	406	U4	U3	1,018	1,019
BM	55	180	407	U5	2	2	1,020
BN	2	2	408	U6	U5	1,020	1,021
BP	BN	408	409	U7	11	36	1,022
BQ	15	40	410	U8	A	10	1,023
BR	3W	136	411	U9	7B	256	1,024
BS	2X	102	412	UA	15	40	1,025
BT	U	29	413	UB	E	18	1,026
BU	M	22	414	UC	28	78	1,027
BV	2C	82	415	UD	1U	64	1,028
BW	P	24	416	UE	2	2	1,029
BX	3Y	138	417	UF	2X	102	1,030
BY	2K	90	418	UG	UF	1,030	1,031
BZ	5Z	209	419	UH	E	14	1,032
C0	2	2	420	UI	UH	1,032	1,033
C1	F	15	421	UJ	6K	230	1,034
C2	60	210	422	UK	M	22	1,035
C3	1B	46	423	UL	11	36	1,036
C4	1H	52	424	UM	1Q	60	1,037
C5	1	1	425	UN	2G	86	1,038
C6	20	70	426	UP	EU	519	1,039
C7	1Q	60	427	UQ	C	12	1,040
C8	31	106	428	UR	9W	346	1,041
C9	V	30	429	US	EV	520	1,042
CA	7	7	430	UT	24	74	1,043
CB	CA	430	431	UU	E	14	1,044
CC	C	12	432	UV	2K	90	1,045
CD	66	216	433	UW	4Z	174	1,046
CE	5	5	434	UX	3B	116	1,047
CF	E	14	435	UY	3Q	130	1,048
CG	1J	54	436	UZ	UY	1,048	1,049
CH	2U	99	437	V0	2	2	1,050
CI	11	36	438	V1	A0	350	1,051
CJ	69	219	439	V2	7H	262	1,052
CK	A	10	440	V3	I	18	1,053
CL	2	2	441	V4	5	5	1,054
CM	3	3	442	V5	60	210	1,055
CN	D	13	443	V6	15	40	1,056
CP	11	36	444	V7	4A	150	1,057
CQ	2I	88	445	V8	78	253	1,058
CR	6C	222	446	V9	19	44	1,059
CS	24	74	447	VA	1H	52	1,060
CT	G	16	448	VB	1I	53	1,061
CU	G	16	449	VC	1N	58	1,062
CV	2	2	450	VD	VC	1,062	1,063
CW	15	40	451	VE	I	18	1,064
CX	G	16	452	VF	20	70	1,065
CY	4A	150	453	VG	3F	120	1,066
CZ	6G	226	454	VH	V	30	1,067
D0	3	3	455	VI	2I	88	1,068
D1	I	18	456	VJ	A6	356	1,069
D2	D1	456	457	VK	1I	53	1,070
D3	6I	228	458	VL	2	2	1,071
D4	6	6	459	VM	3S	132	1,072
D5	M	22	460	VN	77	252	1,073
D6	D5	460	461	VP	53	178	1,074
D7	A	10	462	VQ	7	7	1,075
D8	6L	231	463	VR	7N	268	1,076
D9	T	28	464	VS	A8	358	1,077
DA	A	10	465	VT	A	10	1,078
DB	6M	232	466	VU	71	246	1,079
DC	DB	466	467	VV	6	6	1,080
DD	6	6	468	VW	EG	506	1,081
DE	Y	33	469	VX	7Q	270	1,082
DF	1B	46	470	VY	9S	342	1,083
DG	28	78	471	VZ	2K	90	1,084
DH	1N	58	472	W0	5	5	1,085
DI	20	70	473	W1	K	20	1,086
DJ	28	78	474	W2	56	181	1,087
DK	9	9	475	W3	G	16	1,088
DL	2	2	476	W4	9F	330	1,089
DM	1H	52	477	W5	1J	54	1,090
DN	6T	238	478	W6	FK	545	1,091
DP	6U	239	479	W7	6	6	1,092
DQ	8	8	480	W8	AE	364	1,093
DR	11	36	481	W9	2L	91	1,094
DS	6V	240	482	WA	11	36	1,095
DT	M	22	483	WB	3X	136	1,096
DU	35	110	484	WC	FN	548	1,097
DV	3	3	485	WD	1Q	60	1,098
DW	1J	54	486	WE	14	39	1,099
DX	2B	81	487	WF	A	10	1,100
DY	1Q	60	488	WG	3H	122	1,101
DZ	4M	162	489	WH	3L	126	1,102
E0	1	1	490	WI	FR	551	1,103
E1	2T	98	491	WJ	19	44	1,104
E2	15	40	492	WK	3	3	1,105
E3	E	14	493	WL	28	78	1,106
E4	9	9	494	WM	3F	120	1,107
E5	A	10	495	WN	C	12	1,108
E6	K	20	496	WP	WN	1,108	1,109
E7	20	70	497	WQ	11	36	1,110
E8	2C	82	498	WR	2V	100	1,111
E9	E8	498	499	WS	3Y	138	1,112
EA	2	2	500	WT	1H	52	1,113
EB	4R	166	501	WU	FW	556	1,114
EC	EK	125	502	WV	6C	22	1,115
ED	EC	502	503	WW	A	10	1,116
EE	2	2	504	WX	WW	1,116	1,117
EF	2V	100	505	WY	L	21	1,118
EG	35	110	506	WZ	AM	372	1,119
EH	28	78	507	X0	8	8	1,120
EI	3L	126	508	X1	7G	261	1,121
EJ	EI	508	509	X2	A	10	1,122
EK	2	2	510	X3	AP	374	1,123
EL	11	36	511	X4	20	70	1,124
EM	3N	128	512	X5	2	2	1,125
EN	I	18	513	X6	G2	562	1,126
EP	1U	64	514	X7	B	11	1,127
EQ	2X	102	515	X8	1B	46	1,128
ER	E	14	516	X9	5D	188	1,129
ES	6K	230	517	XA	G	16	1,130
ET	11	36	518	XB	17	42	1,131
EU	2G	86	519	XC	82	282	1,132
EV	6	6	510	XD	EK	510	1,133
EW	EV	520	521	XE	I	18	1,134
EX	E	14	522	XF	6G	226	1,135
EY	4Z	174	523	XG	40	140	1,136
EZ	3Q	130	524	XH	AT	378	1,137
F0	2	2	525	XI	84	284	1,138
F1	3R	131	526	XJ	Y	33	1,139
F2	5	5	527	XK	I	18	1,140
F3	K	20	528	XL	2B	81	1,141
F4	78	253	529	XM	GA	570	1,142
F5	1H	52	530	XN	3L	126	1,143
F6	1N	58	531	XP	V	30	1,144
F7	I	18	532	XQ	6I	228	1,145
F8	3F	120	533	XR	5F	190	1,146
F9	2I	88	534	XS	55	180	1,147
FA	1I	53	535	XT	15	40	1,148
FB	1W	66	536	XU	AX	382	1,149
FC	53	178	537	XV	B	11	1,150
FD	7N	268	538	XW	GF	575	1,151
FE	A	10	539	XX	X	32	1,152
FF	6	6	540	XY	44	144	1,153
FG	7Q	270	541	XZ	X	32	1,154
FH	1A	45	542	Y0	A	10	1,155
FI	K	20	543	Y1	Z	34	1,156
FJ	8	8	544	Y2	7J	264	1,157
FK	S	27	545	Y3	1U	64	1,158
FL	6	6	546	Y4	55	180	1,159
FM	2L	91	547	Y5	E	14	1,160
FN	3W	136	548	Y6	17	42	1,161
FP	1Q	60	549	Y7	2C	82	1,162
FQ	A	10	550	Y8	GL	581	1,163
FR	3L	126	551	Y9	6	6	1,164
FS	M	22	552	YA	6M	232	1,165
FT	28	78	553	YB	7F	260	1,166
FU	C	12	554	YC	5J	194	1,167
FV	11	36	555	YD	11	36	1,168
FW	3Y	138	556	YE	4R	166	1,169
FX	FW	556	557	YF	6	6	1,170
FY	A	10	558	YG	YF	1,170	1,171
FZ	L	21	559	YH	46	146	1,172
G0	4	4	560	YI	M	22	1,173
G1	A	10	561	YJ	GR	586	1,174
G2	10	35	562	YK	1B	46	1,175
G3	G2	562	563	YL	2	2	1,176
G4	1B	46	564	YM	F5	530	1,177
G5	G	16	565	YN	1A	45	1,178
G6	82	282	566	YP	3Q	130	1,179
G7	I	18	567	YQ	1N	58	1,180
G8	20	70	568	YR	6R	236	1,181
G9	84	284	569	YS	5L	196	1,182
GA	I	18	570	YT	14	39	1,183
GB	GA	570	571	YU	22	72	1,184
GC	V	30	572	YV	28	78	1,185
GD	5F	190	573	YW	8G	296	1,186
GE	15	40	574	YX	GY	593	1,187
GF	B	11	575	YY	V	30	1,188
GG	G	16	576	YZ	80	280	1,189
GH	X	32	577	Z0	1	1	1,190
GI	H	17	578	Z1	6	6	1,191
GJ	1U	64	579	Z2	24	74	1,192
GK	E	14	580	Z3	H1	596	1,193
GL	1H	52	581	Z4	5N	198	1,194
GM	6	6	582	Z5	6T	238	1,195
GN	7F	260	583	Z6	1W	66	1,196
GP	11	36	584	Z7	I	18	1,197
GQ	6	6	585	Z8	H3	598	1,198
GR	46	146	586	Z9	7Q	270	1,199
GS	GR	586	587	ZA	4	4	1,200
GT	2	2	588	ZB	8K	300	1,201
GU	1A	45	589	ZC	H5	600	1,202
GV	1N	58	590	ZD	15	40	1,203
GW	5L	196	591	ZE	E	14	1,204
GX	11	36	592	ZF	6V	240	1,205
GY	8G	296	593	ZG	1W	66	1,206
GZ	V	30	594	ZH	20	70	1,207
H0	1	1	595	ZI	4A	150	1,208
H1	24	74	596	ZJ	V	30	1,209
H2	5N	198	597	ZK	35	110	1,210
H3	Y	33	598	ZL	2G	86	1,211
H4	H3	598	599	ZM	2V	100	1,212
H5	2	2	600	ZN	BJ	404	1,213
H6	H5	600	601	ZP	HB	606	1,214
H7	7	7	602	ZQ	1J	54	1,215
H8	1W	66	603	ZR	44	144	1,216
H9	4A	150	604	ZS	HD	608	1,217
HA	35	110	605	ZT	E	14	1,218
HB	2V	100	606	ZU	GC	572	1,219
HC	HB	606	607	ZV	1Q	60	1,220
HD	22	72	608	ZW	55	180	1,221
HE	E	14	609	ZX	3Y	138	1,222
HF	1Q	60	610	ZY	ZX	1,222	1,223
HG	3Y	138	611	ZZ	2	2	1,224
HH	2	2	612	100	0	0	1,225
HI	4	4	613